Dietary supplementation of l carnitine ameliorates metabolic syndrome independent of trimethylamine N oxide produced by gut microbes in high fat diet induced obese mice Food & Function (RSC Publishing) Full article: Gut microbes with the gbu genes determine TMAO production from L carnitine intake and serve as a biomarker for precision nutrition Low Bioavailability and High TMAO Production: Novel Insights Into Acetylcarnitine and Carnitine Metabolism KrimsDavis 2025 Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Wiley Online Library Dietary allicin reduces transformation of L carnitine to TMAO through impact on gut microbiota ScienceDirect Association between red meat consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease: An important role of L carnitine metabolites Prevention Observatory of the Montreal Heart Institute Emerging role of trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) in colorectal cancer Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Nature Link