Short Note On Carnitine Shuttle: Fatty acids are oxidized in mitochondria, and synthesized in the cytoplasm. Long chain fatty acids must form an active intermediate, fatty acyl CoA, before being oxidized inside mitochondria. Catherine Critical Role of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Metabolism in Normal Cell Function and Pathological Conditions Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation Journal of Translational Medicine Springer Nature Link Carnitine Acetyltransferase an overview ScienceDirect Topics Medium chain fatty acid oxidation is independent of l carnitine in liver and kidney but not in heart and skeletal muscle American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology American Physiological Society Acylcarnitine: Structure, Metabolism, Functions, and Advanced Analysis Techniques MetwareBio